fast reproduction by binary fission enables bacteria to

Further contraction of the microtubules (on the centrosomes) not only separates the chromatids, but also pulls them onto the opposite poles of the cell. Alignment of chromosomes in the cell's equatorial plateĪnaphase - In this stage (anaphase), the pulling tension of centrosomes separates the chromatids to form two daughter chromosomes.Centrosomes start pulling chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell - This is made possible by contraction of microtubules.Metaphase - This is the second stage of mitosis characterized by: Protein fibers can be seen surrounding the centrosomes (these fibers are involved in the formation of the spindle).The nucleolus also disappears during this stage followed by formation of the mitotic spindle fibers. Prophase - Prophase starts with the nucleus moving to the center of the cell (during pre-prophase). Mitosis, also referred to as mitotic division occurs through stages that include: The M-phase consists of two processes that include mitosis and cytokinesis. This is the phase through which the DNA is copied in order to produce the daughter cells. Interphase is followed by the M phase (mitotic phase). G2 - This is the second gap phase (first gap phase being G1) characterized by continued cell growth, production of proteins and organelles as well as content re-organization to prepare the cell for mitosis.S phase - This phase is characterized by the development of the DNA molecule in the nucleus as well as the duplication of the centrosome (this is the microtubule structure involved in separating the DNA during mitosis).G1 phase - The cell grows in size with an increase in the number of organelles as well as the development of various molecular building blocks required for mitosis.The cell, therefore, undergoes several phases in interphase in order to be ready for mitosis. Once a new cell is formed through mitosis, it has to be ready in order to undergo mitosis and produce new daughter cells as the cycle continues. Rather, it is the preparation phase that precedes mitosis. Interphase - This is not necessarily one of the main stages of mitosis. There are four types of binary fission that include: * In any of the 4 stages, issues may arise resulting in various abnormalities * Movement of chromosome strands to the opposite poles of the cell requires energy * Organelles such as mitochondria also use this method of cell division (binary fission) to increase in number Ultimately, the cell splits along the middle (at the septum) dividing the cell into two new daughter cells, each of which contains nuclear material and other cell organelles. Cell splitting - In this stage, a new cell wall is formed.It is also at this point that the chromosomes completely separate. Chromosome segregation - In this stage, the cell elongates as a septum forms at the middle (transversely).This phase is also characterized by the two strands starting to migrate to opposite poles of the cells.

This growth is accompanied by an increase in the volume of the cytoplasm with some of the organelles increasing in number. Cell growth - Following chromosome replication, the cell grows and increases in size in preparation for binary fission.Chromosome replication - The single, circular chromosome is uncoiled and copied to form a new chromosome thus doubling the genetic content.plasmids, ribosome etc) increase in number thus allowing each of the daughter cells to contain approximately equal number of organelles (as well as cytoplasm).īinary fission in prokaryotes can be divided into four main phases that include: This results in the cell increasing in size (length) before ultimately splitting into two.īefore the cell divides into two, cell organelles (e.g. The two molecules then start moving to the opposite poles of the cells as the cell pulls apart. For this reason, they can only reproduce asexually through binary fission, a relatively simple method of reproduction.ĭuring cell division, the DNA molecule of prokaryotes (a single circular chromosome) is first uncoiled before being replicated to produce two chromosomes. For simple organisms like bacteria, cell division (for propagation) is dependent on a form of asexual reproduction known as binary fission.Ĭompared to the cell structure of eukaryotic organisms, the cell structure of prokaryotes (e.g.

Fast reproduction by binary fission enables bacteria to